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Ko ngā hāpere he tōaitanga e hāpū ana i ngā kupu kauwhupa me te whakarewa inu wai ina kōrero ana mo ngā kāpata, ahakoa he rerekē ngā tikanga mō te whakapaku noa i te wai. Ko ngā kāpata kauwhupa kua hangaia kia kaua rawa e taea e te wai te tūhono atu, arā, ko te katoa o ngā mea kei roto ka noho pūhore tonu mai kāore he āhua ina hingaia e te hau parirau, kia tūhono anō hoki i ngā wai. Ko ngā tauira whakarewa wai e āti ai tētahi heke, engari i te wā poto ka tūhono te wai ki te tōke atu anō rānei te pēhi. Kua whanake ngā pūnaha whakatau a te ahumoni hei āwhina i te tautohenga i te kaha o te kāpata ki te wai. Whai anō i te rāwekenga IPX7 hei tauira, e taea ana e ērā te noho i roto i te wai mō ētahi wā poto kāore ai te wai e tūhono ana. Ko te whiriwhiri i waenganui i ērā he take o ngā āhuatanga tūmatanui e kitea ana i ngā tōwhe. Ko tētahi e whakarite ana i tētahi haerenga roa e toru rānei i te riri pakapu o te maunga ka hiahia ki te kauwhupa tōtika, i te wā e hāpere ana i te wā poto i te māngaro i te ata māngaro ka kitea e koutou he kaha ki te whakarewa wai noa hei tōna whakamahinga.
Ina te kaha ki te pupuri i ngā taputapu maroke i te ara, ko te hanganga kua whakaputua e te kaha katoa te rerekētanga mō ngā kōpiti hīkoi hukapapa. Ko te tikanga o te kaupapa he whakaputa i ērā huinga kua whakaurua ki te whakamahi i te hiko rānei, te pēhanga rānei kia kaua ngā wai ua e tūhono atu. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihīkoi matua ka whakapō ki te hunga e whakarongo ana ka tūhono ki te huinga kua whakaputua katoa he utu tika tonu te utu mō ia pene rā anō ina tūhono ana ki ngā rā e hukapapa ai. Kua kitea e tātou tētahi atu o ngā raru maroke i ngā wai e tūhono ana ki ngā huinga kua whakaurua noa, whakangāhau ana i ngā mea katoa ki roto. Whakaputua he iti anō i te tīmatanga ki tētahi kōpiti tūturu huihui ai, me te moe pai ake i te mōhio kei te pāpaku, kei te kōpiti moe, kei ngā taputapu hiko kia maroke tonu ai kia taraweti ai i ngā wai rānei i te tāone rānei i ngā hukapapa tino whakamāharahara.
Ko ngā kete hīkoi hōu e tāroa ana ki te wai e tino whai tikanga ana i te tikanga o te hanga tāmitanga arataki kia kaua rawa te wai e uru mai. Ko te whakaaro tēnei he ngāwari engari he kaha: ko ngā tāmitanga hiwhiwhi i ngā wāhi e mōhio ana te wai ki te ngote atu ka tāmitia te kuhu mai rānei ki te whakamahi i te hiko rānei te tape hōu. Ko te tāmitanga hiko he mea nui kia pēra te raima tahi ki te hiko, i te wā e tape hōu ana ko te tape hōu anake ka whakaputua ki runga i ngā tāmitanga. Ka whakapono ngā kaihanga e kōrero ana ki te katoa e pā ana ki te kete kua tāmitia he tino pai ake i ngā kete noa i te wā e whakamataku ana i te wai. Mō ngā kaihīkoi e whakarite ana i ngā hīkoi roa i ngā wā e āhua hau ana rānei, e pā ana rānei ki te tararu, he nui te take. E mōhio ana te nuinga o ngā tāngata ki te wai e kai ana i ā rātou taputapu i uru mai te wai ki roto i ngā takotoranga iti nei. Engari mēnā he tāmitanga tika, he iti noa te raru ka noho pāpaku ngā taputapu ahakoa te aha e tuku mai ana te tāwhirimārie. Ko te kaihīkoi e mōhio ana ki te hīkoi i runga i te awa e rere pāwhara ana kāore he whakamarutanga, ka mōhio ia ki te take e pā ana. he putea me te whakapai i te tāpapa e kore noa i te tika moni; he mea tino whai hua nō ngā tāngata e hāere tūhono ana ki ngā tāpoi ake o rātou
Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e whakaaro ana ko Gore-Tex te pai rawa atu i ngā wāhi e hokona ai ngā taputapu huarahi nui mai i te kaha o te wai ki waho i te mea ka taea e ia te whakaputangia te whakapipi mai i roto. Ko te āhua nei he maha ngā tāngata e haere hikoi ana e whiriwhiri ana i ngā pōkai e hāngai ana ki tēnei mea - ka noho pāpaku tonu mai i te ua, engari kāore i te nuinga o ngā kōpae pāpaku i roto i te mea e māmā ana te whiriwhiri. Kei te taha atu o te pōkai he ePE, he polyethylene hōhonu rānei e tipu haere ana i ngā rā o tēnei wā. Ko ngā take nui ka hokona ai he māmā noa te taumaha i ngā taputapu tawhito ake, me te mea he āhua whakahaere ana ki te taiao. Ki te whakaahua whānui ake, kei te pana tonu a Gore Tex i te maaketi mai i te mea ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e mōhio ana ki te ingoa toa, e whakapono ana ka roa te kaha ki te whakamahia i ngā wā pīroiroi. Engari kia kaua e wareware ki te ePE, mai i te mea kei te whakarewa ake ngā kaihanga i ēnei wā mai i te tipu haere ake o ngā pānga ki te whakauru ki te taiao. E ai ki āku pānui i runga i te ipurangi mai i ngā kōrero maha, e rua ngā huinga e mahi pai ana i ngā wāhi rereke, ahakoa ko te nuinga o ngā kaihikoi pōkai e whakapono ana kaore i te hinga tō rātou pōkai Gore Tex tawhito i te wā i ngā ua katoa i ngā ara maunga.
Ko ngā taupoki TPU e whakakaha pono ana i ngā whaitua o te wai-tūturu mā te whakaputanga i tētahi aukati kaha engari māmā noa ki te whakarere wai. He nui te take mō ngā kōpata e āhua tōrere ai i te āhua o ngā huarahi rānei e pā ana ki ngā wai āpiti rānei i te wā o ngā haerenga. Ko te mea e mōhio kāore te nuinga o te tangata, ko te 'hydrostatic head rating' tētahi mea kei reira i te tautohu mō te kaha o te rauemi ki te tū ki te whakaeke o te wai. Ko tēnei tau e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te wai ua e pōpō ki te rere, kei te tīmata pea te whakapā ki te wā. Ko ngā kaihanga matua e whakaatu mara ana i ēnei tautohu ki te whārangi whai mō te hua kia mōhio ai ngā kiritaki ki te āhua o te tiaki e hiahiatia ana. Ko tētahi tautohu e pā ana ki runga i te 5000mm e whakaatu ana i tētahi āhua o te whakaeke o te wai, ā, ko ngā tautohu e pā ana ki runga i te 10,000mm e whakauru ana i te hua ki te takiwā o te wharepaku pumahara. Ina hokohoko ana koe mō tētahi kōpata wai-tūturu, ko te tautohu tēnei e āwhina ai i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te noho pāpaku me te mutunga ki te kōpata parurenga i muri i tētahi ua kāore i te hiahiatia.
Ko ngā kete tūwhenua ki waho i hangaia mō ngā tāone pāwhara e whakamahi ana i te naylon whakamau ai me te whakapai i te whenua mai i ngā rākau, ngā kōpae, me ētahi atu mea kāpōuri e kitea e ngā kāpene hīkoi. Ko te mea nui i ēnei taputapu ko te iti o te taumaha kia kaua e manawa tāwhai i te kete engari he whakapā whakapā ana kia tū kia maha ngā kaupeka. Ko te nuinga o ngā kāpene hīkoi e pāpaku ana kia pakaru pea tā rātou taputapu, kia pērā rānei te taumaha i muri i te whakamahi tūturu. Te pai panui ? Ko ngā rēperi motuhake nei e whai ana i ngā raru e rua ka tāwhai kia kaha te whakamaru engari kia kaua e nui ake te rahi. I ā mātou kite i ngā whakamātau ā-hapori, ko ētahi whakapiringa naylon e toa ana ki te whakarewa i te riri, i te tūāhua ko te polyester e āhua rereke ai te āhua e tāwhai ai i te ua. Ko te āhua nei i ētahi atu hīkoi hōu e toa ana ki ēnei taputapu huinga mō te mōhio kei te tū kia tū te rākau rānei te āhu rānei ka pērā te huarahi.
Ko te hui haumaha ki roto i ngā kete hurahura e mōhiotia ana ka whakangaro i ngā taputapu i te wā roa, ko te āhua nei he nui te take e pā ana ki ngā whenua e hāpai ai te hau. Ko te nuinga o ngā wai kondemana kei te wāhi e rereke ana te āhu o roto me te wāhi o waho. Āwhina ana ngā taputapu motuhake nei i te āhua hāpai ai i te hau makariri ka taea ai e te hau parurenga te wehe atu i te wai ua. I whakamātauria e te rangahau ka pērā tonu ngā kete hurahura ki ērā ka tūhono ki te whakapai ake i te āhua i ngā wā e tere haere ana i te roa o te wā, i te āhua makariri ake, me te parurenga ake hoki i roto. Ina huihui ana koe ki ērā hīkoi e iti nei e kawe ana i ngā taputapu katoa, ko te whai i tēnei momo tiaki ka arahia kia kaua ko ngā kiriata, ngā taputapu hiko, me ētahi atu mea matua ka hinga ki te parurenga, ki te whakapai ake i te hīkoi katoa me te āhua hoki o te āhuā noa i runga i te āhua hoki o te rā.
Ko ngā kōpū whakawherowhero, tataki atu ki ētahi atu hangarau mātae, ka tautoko i te hanga i tētahi whakangao katoa mo te hoahoa pēke kawe kaiwhakamaurutanga, e whakamana ana i te whakapono me te whakamahana i roto i ngā wā e katoa ana.
Mea e hiahiatia ana mō te haerenga tūmatanui he kātī hōu hōu me te wāhi nui. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaipōkai hīkoi ka tīmata ki te 60 rita, nō reira ka taea e rātou te whakakī i ā rātou mea katoa kāore ai te whiwhi i muri i ngā haora ki te ara. Ko ēnei kātī he tino whai wāhi ki te whakaputu i ngā wāhanga wai, ngā wāhanga motuhake mō ngā mea rerekē, me ngā pūnaha taarua e mahi tika ana ina tōtō ana i ngā kawenga taumaha ki te whenua pāpaku. Ina tū tonu ngā taputapu ki te hoahoa ā-hinengaro, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka pai ake te mahi i ērā hīkoi roa ki ngā maunga, ngā ngahere. Ko te āhua nei ka tīmata ngā kaipōkai kātī mōhio ki ēnei tauira kaha ake i te rahi ina rite ana rātou ki ngā haerenga roa ki te taiao.
Ko ngā kete huruhuru wai e rua ngā āhua matua kei te hui, ko ngā kete pōroto me ngā kete tūpato, ko ia ko tana anō he tauwhāinga e hāngai ana ki āwhina ai i ngā hīkoi. Ko ngā kete kāpata pōroto he nui ake te whakamahinga nā te mea ka pōroto noa kē atu koe me te totohu ki te wāhi, nō reira he māmā te whakatuwhera i ngā wā katoa i ngā hīkoi. Engari ko ngā kete tūpato ka mahi i ētahi atu ara. Kei a rātou ngā tātari tūpato e herea ai te katoa, nō reira kāore he mea ka pāngia e te wai ahakoa kātata. Ka tirohia ngā kōrero a te iwi mō ēnei kete e āhua rerekē ana ngā hiahia. Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata e hīkoi ana i ngā ara me te hiahia ki te tiki i ngā taputapu tere kua whiriwhiria ngā pōroto nā te āwhina i a rātou kia tiki i ngā mea kāore i te whakapāhunu. Engari ko ngā hīkoi waka ki ngā awa, ki te ua rānei e mōhio ana ki te whakamahi i ngā kete tūpato. Ko te whakamarumaru atu te mea nui rawa i te wā e taraiwa ai i ngā awa, i te wā hua noa mai te ua.
Mō ngā kaihīkoi e hiahia ana kia pērā te whakamahi i te wā katoa, kei te nui ake te rongonui i ngā rā o konei ngā kete tōtara huinga e whai wira ana i roto i ngā kōpae. Ko ngā kete pai rawa atu he wira huna kei reira ka whakaputua ina hiahiatia ana engari ka whakaputua ki te wā e hīkoi ana. Kei te aroha tā te kaihaereere i ēnei mea nā te mea ka taea e rātou te rere i ngā tāone rererangi i tētahi rā kātahi ka tūhono i ngā taputapu mō ngā ara maunga i te ata anō i te rā whakamua. I whakamātau tā ngā tāngata i ēnei mea ka kitea e rātou ko te nuinga o te tangata he pai ki te whai i ngā whiringa e rua. Ina hōuere ana i ngā tāone, ina hīkoi haere ana i waenganui pūpahi ki ngā wāhi noho, ka whakamāmā ngā kōpae i te maha o ngā raru i te tuarā. A, ina tōa te hīkoi ki ngā ara pikinga, ki te kawe i te taumaha atu anō hoki, kei te pai tonu ngā kete katoa i te wāhi e hīkoi ai. He mārama kē ki te kaha ake o ngā kaiāki e kawe ana i ēnei kete whakawhitinga kua pōpō ake nei.
Kia tūhono te horoi i ngā taputapu huihui wai kia roa ai te ora me te pai ake te mahi. Ko ngā tikanga tika hei horoi i ēnei taputapu he nui te painga nā te mea ka taea e ngā kiriutu me ngā parurenga e karo i te wai e pakaru ai. He nui ngā kōpaki e āhua DWR te āhua ka tāpirihia e te kaihanga hei whakarite i te wai. Ina pāpaku tēnei āhua, me whakahoki tātou i te DWR i ngā wā katoa. Ko te maha o ngā wā e hāngai ana ki te wāhi e noho ana te tangata. Ko ngā tāngata e haere hīkoi ana ki ngā wāhi makariri me te ua he nui ake te hiahia ki te whakahoki i te DWR i ngā wā. Kāore he kaha te kōpaki kāore he DWR hei āwhina i te wai ki te tū ki te raru hau tino.
Ko te whakatika i ngā raru iti, i ngā wāhi pakaru hoki o tētahi kōpaki huihui wai he nui te āwhina kia roa ai te kōpaki me te pai ake te mahi ina hiahiatia ana. He iti noa ngā tāngata e mōhio ana ki te māmātanga o ngā tikanga o nāianei hei whakatika i ngā raru iti. Ngā kete horoi me ngā taputapu hei whakatika wāhi pakaru hUA e noho tonu ana ki reira ki ngā kauta toa ki ngā toa taiao, i te wāhi hokohoko ipurangi rānei. Kaua e tūroa kia tōku pea he raru iti pea ka raru hoki te katoa o te whakamarutanga wai. I āwhinaa ngā ripoata e āwhina ana i ngā kātui hōu e whai manaaki tikatia ana kia noho tāngata tāku pea i te rite ki ērā e wātea ana kia tōku kua pakaru katoa. Nō reira i te wā ka tōku te ua e pouri mai ana i tētahi hīkoi whakapāhunu, mahara ki ngā whakatika iti i tēnei wā ka tihi ai i ngā raru a muri ake
Ko te wāhi e whakaputua ana e mātou i ā mātou taputapu ka whakatupeke i te rerekētanga ina hiahia ana kia mau te hauiti te kāpata ki te wā roa. Mēnā ka whakaputua ki te tino whakapapa rā, ki ngā wāhi makariri rānei, ka pakaru pea te rāwekenga o te tapa. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakapōkai taiao e mōhio ana ko te tino whakamahere i te wāhi e noho ai te taputapu ka roa tonu te kaha o te hauiti. Ina tūhono te whakaputanga, ka roa ake ngā kāpata ki te wātea atu i ngā tini haerenga, i ngā tini whenua rereke anō hoki.
He nui te take o te wā e whakatau ana kia haere atu te kōpapu wai-tūturu tawhito, ina hiahia ana kia pai ngā haerenga hīkoi. Ina timata te āhua o ngā aki ki te whakapai, ka tīmata te whakapae wai e ngaro, kāore i te wai e tāwhai ana i ngā paku, kaua ko te hiahia nui ki te whakakapi i te wā. Ko te roa o te wā e mau ai ngā kōpapu nei ka tāwhai i te tikanga o te rauemi, te nui o te whakamahinga, me te āhua o te tāwhai a te tangata i waenganui i ngā haerenga. E kōrero ana kē ngā kaihīkoi mō ā rātou ake whakapono ki te ipurangi, e whakaatu ana i te mea i whakarite i te wā e wehe ai i ā rātou hoa tūturu. He mea nui anō hoki te tirotiro i tō kōpapu i mua i te wehe atu ki te ara, kaua ko te haumaru anake, engari he rerekē te āhua o te noho pārekareka i ngā rā roa ki ngā ara maunga.
